While the underlying causes vary from case to case, there are similarities between computer dependency and drug addiction. These include 'substance-seeking" behaviour with stepped-up usage to derive satisfaction, neglect of social and family obligations and impaired academic and social functioning.

Studies suggest that gaming - with its random gratification nature - and associated biochemical changes in the brain can help explain how computers and the Internet could cause dependency.

By the same token, treatment for cyber-addiction mirrors that for drug addiction somewhat. However, it is unrealistic to use 'cold turkey' - totally exclude computer use - in the context of today's social, work and school environment.

Moderation and controlled usage are key. Treatment must also target the addiction's primary cause - such as anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder and dysfunctional family dynamics.

Time away from the computer, such as temporary hospitalisation and camp, may be necessary to manage an acute crisis. Immersion in structured activities, including sports and group work, can be healthy and meaningful antidotes.

Parents and their teenage children must also learn realistic goal-setting and problem-solving skills and time management techniques.

Community resources can be tapped. The Touch Cyberwellness Centre offers a supervisory programme to help teens overcome computer problems through mentoring and counselling.

Family therapy to address unhealthy family dynamics and relationships can help unravel the dysfunction which perpetuates the problematic use of the computer.

Finally, individual psychotherapy and medication are used if necessary.

Cyber-addiction need not be a threat to parents' relationships with their teenagers.

Parents should build a strong and trusting relationship with their children when they are young. Be aware of their interests as they grow up; get involved rather than be a bystander. Teach them the dos and don'ts of computer usage and the Internet.

Careful supervision and timely guidance can ensure that they do not get entangled in the web of the Internet.

Dr Ong Say How is deputy chief in the department of child & adolescent psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health (IMH). The department provides psychological and psychiatric services for children and adolescents up to 19 years of age, most of whom have emotional and behavioural problems.

This story was first published in Mind Your Body, The Straits Times, on Oct 16, 2008.

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