Robots help counter soaring labour costs

CHINA - Zhejiang province is to invest 500 billion yuan ($102 billion) over the next five years to encourage manufacturers to adopt more robots to overcome the short supply and high cost of labour.

The programme is underway and will help at least 5,000 companies a year, a source with the investment division of the Zhejiang Economic and Information Commission told China Daily, without giving details.

Replacing humans with robots is the most effective way to tackle the labour shortage and rising labour costs, the commission said.

From 2005 to 2012, average labour costs in Zhejiang, a hub for private manufacturing enterprises, almost tripled from 14,847 yuan to 41,370 yuan a year, with an annual increase of nearly 16 per cent.

In a survey conducted by the commission in May, 75 per cent of respondents said rising costs were the main reason for switching to robots.

As factories used more robots, the proportion of surveyed enterprises with labour shortages dropped from 80 per cent last year to 56.4 per cent. The survey was based on replies from 515 enterprises that have introduced robot workers.

More than 60 per cent of the enterprises surveyed have reduced production line employees by at least 10 per cent, while 16 per cent of the firms have cut their production jobs by more than 30 per cent. Meanwhile, robot workers have helped these factories improve productivity by more than 10 per cent.

If such a strategy is adopted by large enterprises throughout the province, the labour shortage will be reduced by 700,000 workers, saving 29 billion yuan in labour costs a year, the commission said.

Li Gang, president of the robotics sector in China at ABB, a leading supplier of industrial robots, said China has become a "world factory", but with increasing awareness of health and safety the manufacturing sector faces challenges in the workplace.

"Replacing workers with robots in dangerous and unhealthy working environments and using them for more creative jobs will be an inevitable choice for China's manufacturing sector," Li said.

He was speaking at a forum during the 15th China International Industry Fair in Shanghai last week.

Li said robot sales in China accounted for 21 per cent of the world's total in 2012, and he estimates that the country will become the largest robot market in the next year or two.

Experts ruled out the possibility of robots triggering job losses.

Feng Xiliang, deputy dean of the school of labour economics at Capital University of Economics and Business in Beijing, said using more robots is a rational choice made by companies to tackle the labour shortage.

"But there are jobs that cannot be managed by robots at the moment," Feng said, adding that fewer jobs for humans in the industrial sector could release extra labour for the booming service sector, which has a much greater capacity for employment.

However, using robots still doesn't appear to be a cost-effective choice for some enterprises, with the high initial investment remaining a main concern for business owners in Zhejiang, especially for cash-strapped smaller companies.

The commission's survey found that only 17 per cent of enterprises are willing to pay more than 10 million yuan to implement the robot substitution strategy, with most expecting to recover the investment within two to three years.

More than 80 per cent believe government subsidies should be granted for robot purchases, while more than half the respondents said they will only consider buying robots if such an incentive is introduced.

Most said robots are the choice for large companies and that using human labour is still generally cheaper than buying robots.

"Demand for robots will be strong in China," said Wang Tianmiao, head of the expert panel on robot technology under the State High-Tech Development Plan. "We've only seen the tip of the iceberg. Use of robots will penetrate many sectors, such as telecommunications and healthcare."

With a flourishing robot market, Wang said, prices will be more transparent and acceptable for buyers as domestic robot companies emerge.

Ma Longguan, president of Shenyin and Wanguo Securities, said the number of robots shared per 10,000 workers averages 55 globally, nearly 350 in South Korea and Japan, but in China it is only 21.

"South Korea's industrial robot market developed quickly when the country's per capita GDP hit $6,000," Ma said. "China's per capita GDP is now $6,700, so we are just at the start of a market boom."