Property: What happens to the HDB flat after the owner passes on?

Property: What happens to the HDB flat after the owner passes on?

As we have seen too
 often, descendants sometimes get into ugly fights over inherited property, end up in court or get their squabbles splashed all over
the media (a certain 38 Oxley Road comes to mind, but
 let's not go there).

After all, in Singapore, property investment is a national obsession. Even our "humble" HDB flats are worth hundreds of thousands of dollars each, and, in many cases, over $1 million.

Whether you are a flat owner or will inherit a flat someday, here're some answers to FAQs to keep yourself educated.

WHAT HAPPENS TO A HDB FLAT IF ONE CO-OWNER PASSES AWAY?


In Singapore, couples commonly buy their flats under the joint-ownership scheme where both hold an equal share.

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When one of them passes away, the right of survivorship applies and the other owner will take sole ownership of the flat, as long as he/she fulfils all the eligibility conditions.

In some cases, parents may buy a HDB flat together with a child, as joint owners. When one owner passes on (be it a parent or the child), the remaining
 two will take over the flat.

He/ she/they must be a Singapore Citizen (SC) or Singapore Permanent Resident (SPR), be at least 21 years old, and satisfy all of HDB's current eligibility rules and conditions to own a flat (see www.hdb.gov.sg for full details).

If the HDB flat is bought under a tenancy-in-common scheme (e.g. two singles buying a flat together, or a couple buying the flat under unequal shares such as 70 per cent
 vs 30 per cent), the deceased person's share will be split according to whether he/she left a will, or by the Intestate Succession Act (see box story).

HOW DOES ONE
 INHERIT AND TRANSFER OWNERSHIP OF A HDB FLAT?


If you are the deceased's remaining family, you can retain the flat and take over its ownership, as long as you fulfil HDB's criteria stated above. If the deceased left behind a will, the bereaved family should hire a lawyer to apply for the Grant of Probate. This gives the Executor the legal authority to manage the estate according
to the deceased's wishes.

Low Po-Yu, a senior marketing director with ERA, bought her HDB flat in 2016 from a family who inherited it from their late mother. "The mother had already written a will with a Grant of Probate.

She named her daughter as the Executor of her will, and the daughter acted accordingly. The proceeds from the sale of the flat were then split among the children equally," said Po-Yu.

In the event that the deceased did not leave behind a will, the Intestate Succession Act will apply. You will need to get a lawyer to apply for the Grant of Letters of Administration.

WHO MUST THE NEXT-OF-KIN INFORM IF THE FLAT OWNER PASSES AWAY, IN ORDER TO INHERIT IT?


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A Notice of Death must be submitted to the Singapore Land Authority (SLA) so that 
it can update the records.
The easy way is to engage HDB's legal services at the managing HDB branch office nearest to the flat, which will do it for a fee, says Po-Yu.

However, there is a money- saving tip. "Many people think they have to go via HDB but you can do it yourself, via SLA's website (www.sla.gov.sg) and fill in the form required to register a Notice of Death," she says.

Bring the printed copy with the authorisation from the surviving spouse (if he/she is unable to do it personally), the identity cards of remaining joint-owners, the original death certificate, evidence
of estate duty clearance for the deceased owner's estate (only applicable for death occurring before Feb 15, 2008) and duplicate lease (if any).

When the Grant of Letters of Administration or the Grant of Probate has been obtained, either engage your own lawyer or appoint HDB's to act for you to register your legal right as the Administrator or Executor. (Check with the relevant HDB branch handling the deceased's flat to make the application). You'll need:

  • Original copy of the Grant of Letters of Administration and Statement for Grant of Letters of Administration, or Grant of Probate
  • Original copy of the Syariah Court Inheritance Certificate (for Muslim estates only)
  • A copy of the deceased owner's death certificate
  • Duplicate lease of the deceased's flat
  • Identity card(s) of all flat owner(s) and Administrator(s) or Executor(s)​

If you are an Administrator/ Executor, you will have to:

  • Sign the relevant documents
  • Pay fees (stamp fees, conveyancing fees, etc.)
  • Apply at the HDB Branch that is managing the deceased's flat to transfer the flat to the beneficiaries as owners, subjected to HDB's eligibility criteria and conditions governing transfer of flat ownership.

MY UNMARRIED SIBLING IS LIVING WITH MY MOTHER IN OUR FAMILY HDB FLAT. I CO-OWN A HDB FLAT WITH MY WIFE. WHAT HAPPENS TO OUR FAMILY HOME WHEN MUM PASSES ON?

If your mum left a will, then
it is a matter of following her wishes. If not, the house's proceeds will be split according to the Intestate Succession Act.

Some parents choose
 to will the HDB flat to an unmarried child, leaving the other siblings with a much smaller cash inheritance. "This will be a private family settlement and will depend
on whether the unmarried sibling is willing to sell the flat and share the proceeds," says Po-Yu.

However, he/she has
no legal obligation to do so, even if the older siblings had contributed to paying for the flat previously, though this may be a point of contention should the disgruntled siblings decide to fight it out in court. In one happy ending, the youngest sibling who was willed the flat volunteered to sell and share the hefty inheritance in equal parts with his two siblings, which helped them to upgrade their homes.

If the child who inherited the flat already owns a flat, he/she must choose to keep one and sell the other, as HDB does not allow anyone to own two HDB flats.

If a mother dies without leaving a will and the other siblings insist on selling and splitting the profits even if
 it renders the unmarried sibling homeless, there is nothing the unmarried sibling can do, since he/she is not a legal owner of the flat.

MY FATHER MARRIED A FOREIGNER AFTER HIS DIVORCE WITH MY MUM. IF HE PASSES AWAY, WILL HIS FLAT GO TO HIS NEW WIFE? WILL HIS CHILDREN INHERIT ANYTHING AT ALL?

It depends on his will. If he decides to will his entire fortune - flat included - to his new wife, it will go to her, though, as a foreigner, she
is not allowed to own a HDB flat. In this case, she will get the proceeds after it is sold.

If he dies without a will, the flat will be subjected to the Intestate Succession Act. In this case, you and your siblings (or half-siblings, if your dad has any children with his new wife) will inherit half of it.

WHAT HAPPENS IF BOTH OF THE FLAT'S OWNERS PASS AWAY AT THE SAME TIME?

In the unfortunate event that both owners die together in, say, a car or airplane crash and it is impossible to determine who died first, the court will assume the older person (for example, the husband) passed away first. Assuming both did not leave behind any will, this is how the HDB flat will be distributed.

The husband's estate, including his share of the HDB flat, will go to his wife. Since she is also dead, it will be distributed according
 to the Intestate Succession Act (see box story).

What is the Intestate Succession Act? 

This is a legal act to make provision for the distribution of intestate estates when one dies without leaving a will. Regardless of how you intended to give away your hard-earned property and money, this is how your estate will be legally distributed. 

Leaves behind Distributed to
Spouse (no kids) Entirely to the spouse
Spouse with kids Half to spouse, half to the kids to be split equally
Spouse, no kids but has surviving parent(s) Half to spouse, half to the deceased's parent(s)
Kids (No spouse) Split between the kids equally
Parent(s) (No spouse, no kids) Entirely to the parent(s)
Siblings (No spouse, no kids, no parent(s)) Split between the deceased's siblings. If one of the siblings had passed away earlier. then his/her descendants will get his/her share
Grandparents (No spouse, kids, parents, siblings or descendants of deceased siblings) Entirely to the grandparent(s)
Aunties and uncles (No spouse, kids, parents, siblings, descendants of deceased siblings or grandparent(s)) Split between the deceased's aunties and uncles
   
None of the above next-of-kin to make a claim Goes to the Government
Please make sure you prepare a will if you want your valuable flat to be left to the right person or even to charity. 

In addition to making a will, it is also essential for property owners to make a Lasting Power of Attorney, which allows a person who is at least 21 years of age ("donor"), to voluntarily appoint one or more persons ("donee(s)") to make decisions on property matters and act on his/ her behalf should he/ she lose mental capacity one day. Visit www.publicguardian.gov.sg for more information.

This article was first published in Home & Decor.

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