NEW YORK - A federal judge on Tuesday said Citigroup Inc is not entitled to recoup half a billion dollars of its own money that it mistakenly wired lenders of Revlon Inc, in what he called "a banking error of perhaps unprecedented nature and magnitude."

US District Judge Jesse Furman in Manhattan said the Aug 11, 2020, transfers were “final and complete transactions, not subject to revocation.”

Citigroup plans to appeal. “We believe we are entitled to the funds and will continue to pursue a complete recovery of them,” a spokeswoman said.

The blunder was the latest misstep involving internal controls at Citigroup, which federal regulators fined $400 million (S$532 million) in October over longstanding deficiencies.

Acting as Revlon’s loan agent, Citigroup had wired $893 million to the cosmetic company’s lenders, appearing to pay off a loan not due until 2023, when it intended to send only a $7.8 million interest payment.

The New York-based bank blamed human error for the gaffe, and some lenders returned money they were sent.

But 10 asset managers, including Brigade Capital Management, HPS Investment Partners and Symphony Asset Management, refused, and Citigroup sued to recoup approximately $501 million they received.

The bank said Revlon’s lenders knew or should have known the transfers were a mistake, and that Revlon, controlled by billionaire Ron Perelman, could not afford such a big payment.

But in a 101-page decision, following a six-day trial in December, Furman said the transfers were a “discharge for value,” matching “to the penny” what the lenders were owed.

“The non-returning lenders believed, and were justified in believing, that the payments were intentional,” Furman wrote. “To believe otherwise - to believe that Citibank, one of the most sophisticated financial institutions in the world, had made a mistake that had never happened before, to the tune of nearly $1 billion - would have been borderline irrational.”

Furman left in place a temporary ban on the lenders’ using the transferred funds, reflecting Citigroup’s expected appeal.

In a joint statement, the lenders’ lawyers Adam Abensohn and Robert Loigman said they were “extremely pleased” with the decision.

Administrative agents typically distribute interest payments and perform back-office services for clients.

Industry groups have said a ruling against Citigroup could expose banks to excessive liability risks.

The Loan Syndications and Trading Association, whose roughly 530 members include Citigroup and some Revlon creditors, said such a ruling could destabilise the $1.2 trillion US syndicated loan market.

Shortfalls in Citigroup’s internal controls were a factor in Chief Executive Mike Corbat’s planned early retirement this month.

The case is In re: Citibank Aug 11, 2020 Wire Transfers, US District Court, Southern District of New York, No. 20-06539.